In 1905, Mustafa Kemal graduated from the War Academy in Istanbul with the rank of Staff Captain. He was thereafter known as Mustafa Kemal. In 1893, he entered a military high school where his mathematics teacher gave him the second name Kemal (meaning perfection) in recognition of young Mustafa's superior achievement. ![]() ![]() First enrolled in a traditional religious school, he soon switched to a modern school. His mother Zubeyde, a devout and strong-willed woman, raised him and his sister. His father Ali Riza, a customs official turned lumber merchant, died when Mustafa was still a boy. Atatürk, the founder of modern Turkey, was born in 1881 (probably in the spring) in Salonica, then an Ottoman city, now in Greece.
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